The arginase enzyme developed in early life forms and was maintained during evolution. As
the last step in the urea cycle, arginase cleaves l-arginine to form urea and l-ornithine. The …

The alternatively activated or M2 macrophages are immune cells with high phenotypic
heterogeneity and are governing functions at the interface of immunity, tissue homeostasis …

Microglia respond to CNS injuries and diseases with complex reactions, often called
“activation.” A pro-inflammatory phenotype (also called classical or M1 activation) lies at one …

Arginase has roots in early life-forms. It converts L-arginine to urea and ornithine. The former
provides protection against NH 3; the latter serves to stimulate cell growth and other …

Functional integrity of the vascular endothelium is of fundamental importance for normal
vascular function. A key factor regulating endothelial function is the bioavailability of nitric …

Background & aims Nitric oxide bioactivity (NO) from endothelial NO synthase (eNOS)
importantly contributes to the maintenance of vascular homeostasis, and reduced eNOS …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of diabetes and is a
leading cause of blindness in people of the working age in Western countries. A major …

Background Microglia and macrophages play a central role in neuroinflammation. Pro-
inflammatory cytokines trigger their conversion to a classically activated (M1) phenotype …

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NO produced by endothelial NOS is needed for normal
vascular function. During diabetes, aging and hypertension, elevated levels of arginase can …

Aims Elevation of arginase activity has been linked to vascular dysfunction in diabetes and
hypertension by a mechanism involving decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability due to L …