Background The purpose of this meta-analysis (PROSPERO number: CRD42021243204) is
to perform extensive and penetrating analyses on the risk factors associated with …

The emergence and expansion of the multidrug-resistant tuberculosis epidemic is a threat to
the global control of tuberculosis. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is the result of the …

Tuberculosis (TB) recurrence can result from either relapse of an original infection or
exogenous reinfection with a new strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). The aim of …

Background Retreatment tuberculosis (TB) disease is common in high-prevalence settings.
The risk of repeated episodes of recurrent TB is unknown. We calculated the rate of …

Since 1921, the Bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG) vaccine continues to be the most widely
used vaccine for the prevention of Tuberculosis (TB). However, the immunity induced by …

Background In recent years, tuberculosis outbreaks in schools have occurred more
frequently in China than in other parts of the world, and have posed a public health threat to …

Background Not all treated tuberculosis (TB) patients achieve long-term recovery and
reactivation rates reflect effectiveness of TB treatment. Aim We aimed to estimate rates and …

Introduction Of the problems in tuberculosis (TB) control program is the recurrence of this
disease. In some studies, smoking has been reported as the most important risk factor …

Recurrent tuberculosis (TB), defined as TB that recurs after a patient has been considered
cured, constitutes a challenge to TB control. In low TB burden countries, the underlying …

Background Tuberculosis may reoccur due to reinfection or relapse after initially successful
treatment. Distinguishing the cause of TB recurrence is crucial to guide TB control and …