Small RNAs (sRNAs) that act by base-pairing have been shown to play important roles in
fine-tuning the levels and translation of their target transcripts across a variety of model and …

RNA viruses encode the information required to usurp cellular metabolism and gene
regulation and to enable their own replication in two ways: in the linear sequence of their …

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus associated with debilitating
arthralgia in humans. RNA secondary structure in the viral genome plays an important role …

Alphaviruses are mosquito-borne pathogens that cause human diseases ranging from
debilitating arthritis to lethal encephalitis. Studies with Sindbis virus (SINV), which causes …

Protein-coding RNAs represent only a small fraction of the transcriptional output in higher
eukaryotes. The remaining RNA species encompass a broad range of molecular functions …

Type I toxin–antitoxin (T1TA) systems constitute a large class of genetic modules with
antisense RNA (asRNA)-mediated regulation of gene expression. They are widespread in …

Background The bulk of variability in mRNA sequence arises due to mutation—change in
DNA sequence which is heritable if it occurs in the germline. However, variation in mRNA …

Most characterized metazoan mitochondrial genomes are compact and encode a small set
of proteins that are essential for oxidative phosphorylation, as well as rRNA and tRNA for …

Alternative splicing of pre-mRNA is one of the main mechanisms regulating gene expression
that generates multiple transcripts from one gene. The review considers the specific role that …

Ambisense viruses are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses that use a unique
expression strategy. Their genome contains at least one ambisense RNA segment that …