Understanding the plant immune system is crucial for using genetics to protect crops from
diseases. Plants resist pathogens via a two-tiered innate immune detection-and-response …

Plants have developed a complex defense system against diverse pests and pathogens.
Once pathogens overcome mechanical barriers to infection, plant receptors initiate signaling …

Plants have evolved multiple defense strategies to cope with pathogens, among which plant
immune signaling that relies on cell‐surface localized and intracellular receptors takes …

To counter pathogen invasion, plants have evolved a large number of immune receptors,
including membrane-resident pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular …

The battle between plants and microbes is evolutionarily ancient, highly complex, and often
co-dependent. A primary challenge for microbes is to breach the physical barrier of host cell …

Contents I. Introduction 295 II. Evolution of the Plant Vascular System 295 III. Phloem
Development & Differentiation 300 IV. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Xylem Cell …

For more than 200 years, the plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) has been studied for its
medicinal use in humans. However, its extensive signaling role in plants, particularly in …

Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in plants involves a large family of nucleotide-binding
leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors, including Toll/IL-1 receptor-NLRs (TNLs) and …

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important phytohormone that plays a vital role in a number of
physiological responses, including plant defense. The last two decades have witnessed a …

Flagellin, the main protein of the bacterial flagella, elicits defence responses and alters
growth in Arabidopsis seedlings. Previously, we identified the FLS1 locus, which confers …