Buildings use approximately 48% of global energy each year in their construction and
operation as embodied and operating energy. The embodied energy is used directly …

Abstract Life Cycle Assessment is necessary for evaluating the environmental impacts of
buildings throughout their life cycle, considering factors such as energy consumption …

Sustainability is gaining attention, particularly in the building sector, owing to its significant
influence on economy, society and environment. However, most assessment …

Nearly half of the global annual energy supply is consumed by the building construction
sector, indicating an enormous potential to minimize the carbon footprint. During its life …

Circular Economy requires a closed-loop material cycle and seeks ways to apply circular
principles. However, existing lifecycle approaches not only omit the early stages to observe …

Abstract System dynamics (SD) is widely recognized as a tool for simulating spatial and
temporal dynamics in life cycle assessment (LCA) studies of the product system. However …

Building engineers need access to real-time data to make retrofit decisions or improve the
energy performance of the building occupants. Such data is typically gathered with the help …

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is widely used to quantify the environmental performance of
buildings. Recently, the potential temporal variations in the lifetime of buildings and their …

To improve decision making in construction projects, dynamic models have been developed
to grasp the complex project dynamics that traditional scheduling and decision-making …

Purpose System dynamics has several applications in the built environment, and few studies
indicate that it has potential in evaluating sustainability. Sustainability in the built …