Neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) communicate with peripheral organs largely
via the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Through such communications, the sympathetic …

Survival is a fundamental physiological drive, and neural circuits have evolved to prioritize
actions that meet the energy demands of the body. This fine-tuning of goal-directed actions …

A fundamental question of physiology is how gut-brain signaling stimulates appetite. While
many studies have emphasized the importance of vagal afferents to the brain in inducing …

It is necessary to understand the morphology of the vagus nerve (VN) to design and deliver
effective and selective vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) because nerve morphology influences …

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is increasingly considered for the treatment of intractable
epilepsy and holds potential for the management of a variety of neuropsychiatric conditions …

Vagal fibers travel inside fascicles and form branches to innervate organs and regulate
organ functions. Existing vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapies activate vagal fibers non …

Substance use disorders (SUDs) represent a significant public health crisis. Worldwide,
5.4% of the global disease burden is attributed to SUDs and alcohol use, and many more …

The gut microbiota has the capacity to affect host appetite via intestinal satiety pathways, as
well as complex feeding behaviors. In this Review, we highlight recent evidence that the gut …

Autonomic nerves are attractive targets for medical therapies using electroceutical devices
because of the potential for selective control and few side effects. These devices use novel …

Background Vagal reflexes regulate homeostasis in visceral organs and systems through
afferent and efferent neurons and nerve fibers. Small, unmyelinated, C-type afferents …