Nonpolar atoms or molecules with low particle mass and weak inter-particle interactions can
form quantum liquids and solids (QLS) at low temperatures. Excess electrons naturally bind …

This book is about quantum phenomena in two-dimensional (2D) electron systems with
extremely strong internal interactions. The central objects of interest are Coulomb liquids, in …

The study of two-dimensional electronic systems has revealed a host of new and startling
phenomena, such as the quantum Hall effect. Although effort has gone into studying the …

We present measurements of the conduction of nondegenerate free electrons along a low-
dimensional channel at low temperatures, using surface-state electrons on liquid helium in …

We examine the dynamics of driven classical Wigner solids interacting with quenched
disorder from charged impurities. For strong disorder, the initial motion is plastic, in the form …

We present time-resolved transport measurements of a Wigner solid (WS) on the surface of
liquid helium confined in a micron-scale channel. At rest, the WS is “dressed” by a cloud of …

The current state of theoretical and experimental studies of the Wigner crystallization of a
two-dimensional electron gas is reviewed. The Wigner crystal (WC) has first been observed …

Nonlinear transport of electron crystal floating on superfluid He 4 is investigated in channels
8 and 15 μ m in width, where the electron velocity and driving electric field are uniform. At a …

We demonstrate, for the first time, that a quasi-one-dimensional Wigner crystal formed on
superfluid He 4 with only a few electrons in the confined direction shows reentrant melting …

At a sufficiently low temperature electrons on the surface of liquid helium form a classical
Wigner crystal. As long as the electron drift velocity is not too large the electron lattice …