Tumors can be depicted as wounds that never heal, and are infiltrated by a large array of
inflammatory and immune cells. Tumor‐associated chronic inflammation is a hallmark of …

The Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) family plays relevant roles in the regulation of
different cellular processes that are essential for tissue and organ homeostasis. In the case …

Genetic alterations affecting transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) signaling are
exceptionally common in diseases and cancers of the gastrointestinal system. As a regulator …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a cytokine essential for the induction of the fibrotic
response and for the activation of the cancer stroma. Strong evidence suggests that a strong …

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) bearing phenotypes related to cancer stem cells (CSCs) and
epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) have been identified in breast cancer; however …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy with high incidence,
recurrence, and metastasis rates. The emergence of immunotherapy has improved the …

Simple Summary Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling is crucial to maintain
tissue homeostasis. Alterations in TGF-β signaling impact tissue functions and favor the …

Cancer stem cells are a small population of cells with the potential for self-renewal and multi-
directional differentiation and are an important source of cancer initiation, treatment …

Therapeutic attempts to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) frequently result in a poor
response or treatment failure. The efficacy of approved drugs and survival expectancies is …

Cancer stemness, referring to the stem-cell-like phenotype of cancer cells, has been
recognised to play important roles in different aspects of hepatocarcinogenesis. A number of …