Adolescence is a peak time for the onset of psychiatric disorders, with anxiety disorders
being the most common and affecting as many as 30% of youths. A core feature of anxiety …

Stress can negatively impact brain function and behaviors across the lifespan. However,
stressors during adolescence have particularly harmful effects on brain maturation, and on …

Generalization is a fundamental cognitive ability of organisms to deal with the uncertainty in
real-world situations. Excessive fear generalization and impaired reward generalization are …

Adolescence is marked by heightened stress exposure and psychopathology, but also vast
potential for opportunity. We highlight how researchers can leverage both developmental …

Inhibition can be defined as a phenomenon in which an agent prevents or suppresses a
behavioral state that would otherwise occur. Associative learning studies have extensively …

Stressful events can have lasting and impactful effects on behavior, especially by disrupting
normal regulation of fear and reward processing. Accurate discrimination among …

Cues in the environment signaling the absence of threat, ie safety, can influence both fear
and reward-seeking behaviors. Heightened and maladaptive fear is associated with …

Early experiences can have profound and lasting effects on mental health. Delineating
neurodevelopmental pathways related to risk and resilience following adversity exposure is …

Fear conditioning and avoidance tasks usually elicit adaptive aversive memories. Traumatic
memories are more intense, generalized, inflexible, and resistant to attenuation via …

A variety of stressful experiences can influence the ability to form and subsequently inhibit
fear memory. While nonsocial stress can impact fear learning and memory throughout the …