Optogenetics ushered in a revolution in how neuroscientists interrogate brain function.
Because of technical limitations, the majority of optogenetic studies have used low spatial …

Individuals who have lost the use of their hands because of amputation or spinal cord injury
can use prosthetic hands to restore their independence. A dexterous prosthesis requires the …

The ability to simultaneously image the spatiotemporal activity signatures from many
neurons during unrestrained vertebrate behaviors has become possible through the …

Highlights•Experimental advances allow us to see long-term drift in neural
representations.•Drift challenges classical notions of receptive fields and engrams.•Drift is …

Understanding the causal relationship between neural activity and behavior requires the
ability to perform rapid and targeted interventions in ongoing activity. Here we describe a …

Neuronal ensembles, coactive groups of neurons found in spontaneous and evoked cortical
activity, are causally related to memories and perception, but it is still unknown how stable or …

A hallmark of adaptation in humans and other animals is our ability to control how we think
and behave across different settings. Research has characterized the various forms …

Emerging brain technologies have significantly transformed human life in recent decades.
For instance, the closed-loop brain-computer interface (BCI) is an advanced software …

Brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) aim to treat sensorimotor neurological disorders by
creating artificial motor and/or sensory pathways. Introducing artificial pathways creates new …

Optogenetic tools and imaging methods for recording and manipulating brain activity have
boosted the field of neuroscience in unprecedented ways. However, behavioral paradigms …