Macrophage immunotherapy is an emerging treatment strategy that modulates the immune
system to promote wound healing. The functionality and regeneration of tissue depend on …

Biodegradable polymers play a pivotal role in in situ tissue engineering. Utilizing various
technologies, researchers have been able to fabricate 3D tissue engineering scaffolds using …

Metabolite lactic acid has always been regarded as a metabolic by-product rather than a
bioactive molecule. Recently, this view has changed since it was discovered that lactic acid …

Immune engineering, a burgeoning field within regenerative medicine, involves a spectrum
of strategies to optimize the intricate interplay between tissue regenerative biomaterials and …

Macrophages are a diverse population of phagocytic immune cells involved in the host
defense mechanisms and regulation of homeostasis. Usually, macrophages maintain …

Electrospun fibrous meshes are widely used for tissue repair due to their ability to guide a
host of cell responses including phenotypic differentiation and tissue maturation. A critical …

Tissue engineering approaches such as the electrospinning technique can fabricate
nanofibrous scaffolds which are widely used for small-diameter vascular grafting. However …

Unlike the attachment of soft epithelial skin tissue to penetrating solid natural structures like
fingernails and teeth, sealing around percutaneous/permucosal devices such as dental …

Endowing materials and scaffolds with immunomodulatory properties has evolved into a
very active field of research. However, combining such effects with multifunctionality …

Introduction Macrophage cell therapies offer potential treatment in inflammatory diseases
due to their ability to mobilize and stimulate their environment. However, successful …