Successful speech perception requires that listeners map the acoustic signal to linguistic
categories. These mappings are not only probabilistic, but change depending on the …

Currently, production and comprehension are regarded as quite distinct in accounts of
language processing. In rejecting this dichotomy, we instead assert that producing and …

Understanding spoken language requires transforming ambiguous acoustic streams into a
hierarchy of representations, from phonemes to meaning. It has been suggested that the …

We consider several key aspects of prediction in language comprehension: its
computational nature, the representational level (s) at which we predict, whether we use …

When we read or listen to language, we are faced with the challenge of inferring intended
messages from noisy input. This challenge is exacerbated by considerable variability …

Efficient language processing may involve generating expectations about upcoming input.
To investigate the extent to which prediction might facilitate reading, a large-scale survey …

Some recent theoretical accounts in the cognitive sciences suggest that prediction is
necessary to understand language. Here we evaluate this proposal. We consider arguments …

For over 35 years, the violation-of-expectation paradigm has been used to study the
development of expectations in the first 3 years of life. A wide range of expectations has …

Grammatical encoding is one of the earliest stages in linguistic encoding. One broadly
accepted view holds that grammatical encoding is primarily or exclusively affected by …

Two visual-world experiments examined listeners' use of pre word-onset anticipatory
coarticulation in spoken-word recognition. Experiment 1 established the shortest lag with …