Background Stillbirth rates in high-income countries have shown little or no improvement
over the past two decades. Prevention strategies that target risk factors could be important in …

The prevalence of smoking during pregnancy varies markedly across countries. In many
industrialized countries, prevalence rates appear to have peaked and begun to decline …

New momentum for civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) is building, driven by the
confluence of growing demands for accountability and results in health, improved equity …

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review was to examine the literature assessing the
relationship between prenatal exposure to nicotine, alcohol, caffeine, and psychosocial …

Background Smoking in pregnancy is known to be associated with a range of adverse
pregnancy outcomes, yet there is a high prevalence of smoking among pregnant women in …

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with numerous obstetrical, fetal, and
developmental complications, as well as an increased risk of adverse health consequences …

Objective To evaluate the association between maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index
(BMI) and the risk of stillbirth and neonatal death and to study the causes of death among …

Background During the past 25 years, many pregnancy and birth cohorts have been
established. Each cohort provides unique opportunities for examining associations of early …

This paper will review the epidemiology of the impact of cigarette smoking and other forms of
tobacco exposure on human development. Sources of exposure described include …

Active and passive smoking have been associated with an array of adverse effects on
health. The development of valid and accurate scales of measurement for exposures …