Cycloplegic and mydriatic agents are essential in ophthalmological clinical practice since
they provide the means for diagnosing and treating certain eye conditions. In addition …

Importance Parental astigmatism is a factor associated with risk for development of child
astigmatism; however, the magnitude of the association has not been determined. Objective …

Aim To compare sphere and cylinder refraction values using retinoscopy and autorefraction
under cycloplegic conditions in children. Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out …

Introduction Unilateral or asymmetric astigmatism is considered a principal refractive error
leading to amblyopia and regular eye examinations should be carried out during childhood …

Background To compare the prevalence of refractive (RA), corneal (CA), and internal
astigmatism (IA) in Hong Kong children and adults and evaluate the role of IA in …

Background Assessing refractive errors under cycloplegia is recommended for paediatric
patients; however, this may not always be feasible. In these situations, refraction has to rely …

Methods Seventy-two subjects were classified according to the type of their refractive error,
and ocular torsion of the uncorrected eye was compared based on changes induced by …

It is important to predict which astigmatic patients require separate refraction for near vision.
This study compared cylindrical components changes by cyclopentolate 1% for the low and …

Purpose The aim of this study was to assess and compare clinical characteristics of bilateral
keratoconus patients with unilateral Vogt's striae. Methods In this contralateral eye study …

Background. The spot vision screener (SVS) has been widely used for eye health
examinations of infants and young children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the …