There is a tension between the conception of cognition as a central nervous system (CNS)
process and a view of cognition as extending towards the body or the contiguous …

Despite their comparatively small brains, insects are able to survive and thrive in their
environment. In the past, it was thought that insects are driven mainly by their instincts …

The ability to learn and overwrite learned associations allows animals to respond adaptively
to changes in their environment. However, such behavioural plasticity is presumed to be …

Many prey species employ multiple defenses during interactions with predators. Multiple
defenses can provide a selective advantage against a single predator at different stages of …

Behaviors can vary throughout an animal's life and this variation can often be explained by
changes associated with learning and/or maturing. Currently, there is little consensus …

Interest for subterranean biology has risen sharply in recent years due to the simplicity of the
cave environment. However, most studies have focussed on morphology with few studies …

Tank bromeliads are good models for understanding how climate change may affect biotic
associations. We studied the relationships between spiders, the epiphytic tank bromeliad …

Many species of ants fall prey to pit-digging larval antlions (Myrmeleon spp.), extremely
sedentary predators that wait, nearly motionless at the bottom of their pit traps, for prey to …

Spiders with around 48,000 recorded species are major terrestrial predators and thus
crucially important for ecosystem functioning. They are widely used as research models and …

The dynamics of interactions amongst natural enemies are central to the investigation of
insect pest ecology. Ternary and quaternary interactions between parasitoids and predators …