2. INTRODUCTION The investigation of many fundamental processes in life sciences
requires straightforward tools for fast, sensitive, reliable, and reproducible detection of …

1. INTRODUCTION Detection of chemical and biological agents plays a fundamental role in
biomedical, forensic and environmental sciences 1− 4 as well as in anti bioterrorism …

Gold nanoparticles have been used in biomedical applications since their first colloidal
syntheses more than three centuries ago. However, over the past two decades, their …

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are important components for biomedical applications. AuNPs
have been widely employed for diagnostics, and have seen increasing use in the area of …

The field of plasmonics has become one of the most interesting and active research areas in
nanotechnology, enabling numerous fundamental studies and applications in a variety of …

Encoded nano-structures/particles have been used for barcoding and are in great demand
for the simultaneous analysis of multiple targets. Due to their nanoscale dimension (s), nano …

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) with appropriate surface chemistry
have been widely used experimentally for numerous in vivo applications such as magnetic …

In the last 10 years the field of molecular diagnostics has witnessed an explosion of interest
in the use of nanomaterials in assays for gases, metal ions, and DNA and protein markers …

Nanoscience and nanotechnology are recent revolutionary developments of science and
engineering that are evolving at a very fast pace. They are driven by the desire to fabricate …

Recent advances in the exploitation of localized surface plasmons (charge density
oscillations confined to metallic nanoparticles and nanostructures) in nanoscale optics and …