The heterogeneity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), long recognised by clinicians, is
now challenging the entire lupus community, from geneticists to clinical investigators …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a worldwide chronic autoimmune disease which
may affect every organ and tissue. Genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and the …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterised by the loss of
self-tolerance and formation of nuclear autoantigens and immune complexes resulting in …

The antimalarial hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has demonstrated several crucial properties for
the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Herein, we reviewed the main HCQ …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease that can
potentially lead to serious organ complications and even death. Its global burden—in terms …

Caroline Gordon1, 2, 3, Maame-Boatemaa Amissah-Arthur1, Mary Gayed1, 3, Sue Brown4,
Ian N. Bruce5, 6, David D'Cruz7, Benjamin Empson8, Bridget Griffiths9, David Jayne10, 11 …

Besides treating acute flares, the management of SLE should aim at preventing organ
damage accrual and drug-associated harms, improving health-related quality of life and …

Introduction: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an alkalinizing lysosomatropic drug that
accumulates in lysosomes where it inhibits some important functions by increasing the pH …

The type I interferon pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of
rheumatic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, myositis …

Despite advances in therapy for rheumatic diseases, hydroxychloroquine remains almost
universally recommended for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and is …