Health professionals are encouraged to take the ESC/EACTS Guidelines fully into account
when exercising their clinical judgment, as well as in the determination and the …

Atrial dysfunction has been widely considered a marker or consequence of other cardiac
conditions rather than the cause itself. Here, we propose the term atrial failure as a clinically …

The recommendations listed in this document are, whenever possible, evidence based. An
extensive review was conducted on literature published through March 1, 2020. Searches …

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represents a highly heterogeneous
clinical syndrome affected in its development and progression by many comorbidities. The …

Functional or secondary mitral regurgitation (MR) is associated with increased
cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Mechanistically, secondary MR is attributable to an …

Secondary (or functional) mitral regurgitation (SMR) occurs frequently in chronic heart failure
(HF) with reduced left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, resulting from LV remodelling that …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with left heart disease, or Group 2 PH, includes
heart failure, valvular heart diseases, and congenital heart diseases. Although it is axiomatic …

731 F. Beyersdorf and A. Vahanian et al./European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
guidelines, which is freely available via the ESC and EACTS website and hosted on the EHJ …

Valvular heart disease (VHD) is the next epidemic in the cardiovascular field, affecting
millions of people worldwide and having a major impact on health care systems. With aging …

Highlights•Atrial fibrillation is associated with functional tricuspid and/or mitral regurgitation.•
Dilatation of the annulus is the key mechanism of functional regurgitation.•3DE is key for …