Fasciolosis caused by the liver flukes Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica is one of the
most important neglected parasitic diseases of humans and animals. The ability of the …

Heterogeneity of monoclonal antibodies is common due to the various modifications
introduced over the lifespan of the molecules from the point of synthesis to the point of …

Phagocytosis can be induced via the engagement of Fcγ receptors by antibody-opsonized
material. Furthermore, the efficiency of antibody-induced effector functions has been shown …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by parasites have important roles in establishing and
maintaining infection. Analysis of the soluble and vesicular secretions of adult Fasciola …

Proteases can be categorized based on their substrate specificities or mechanisms of
catalysis. Enzymes cleaving within a polypeptide chain are named endopeptidases, and …

The survival of helminths in the host over long periods of time is the result of a process of
adaptation or dynamic co-evolution between the host and the parasite. However, infection …

The liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, causes fascioliasis in domestic animals (sheep, cattle), a
global disease that is also an important infection of humans. As soon as the parasite invades …

Hookworms infect perhaps one-fifth of the entire human population, yet little is known about
their interaction with our immune system. The two major species are Necator americanus …

We briefly review cysteine proteases (orthologs of mammalian cathepsins B, L, F, and C)
that are expressed in flatworm and nematode parasites. Emphasis is placed on enzyme …

Charge variant analysis is a widely used tool to monitor changes in product quality during
the manufacturing process of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Although it is a powerful …