For more than three decades, infectious diseases have been one of the major causes of
economic losses in the global shrimp industry. One of the deadliest of the shrimp pathogens …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative
bacteria, often pose a serious risk not only when delivered in the bloodstream but also in air …

Crustacean aquaculture is expected to be a major source of fishery commodities in the near
future. Hemocytes are key players of the immune system in shrimps; however, their …

Drosophila Vago is a small antiviral peptide. Its ortholog in Culex mosquito was found to be
an interferon-like cytokine that limits virus replication through activating Jak/Stat signaling …

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a threatening pathogenic virus in shrimp culture, and
at present, no effective strategy can prevent and control the disease. Intestinal flora and its …

Many types of viruses infect insects and other arthropods. In contrast, little is known about
how arthropods sense viruses, although several innate immune pathways including Toll …

Abstract Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays an essential role in the activation of innate
immunity by recognizing diverse pathogenic components of bacteria. Six Tolls were found in …

Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling
pathway plays an important role in antiviral immunity. This research reports the full-length …

The single von Willebrand factor C-domain proteins (SVWCs), also known as Vago, are
primarily found in arthropods. Their expression was induced by nutritional status, bacterial …

The myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2)-related lipid recognition (ML) domain is present
in MD-2, MD-1, GM2-activator protein (GM2A) and Niemann-Pick disease type C2 (NPC2) …