Emerging evidence reveals the controversial role of B cells in antitumor immunity, but the
underlying mechanisms have to be explored. Three latest articles published in the issue 521 …

Background Boron, a naturally abundant trace element, plays a crucial role in various
biological processes and influences important physiological functions such as bone health …

Birds have a unique organ for primary B lymphopoiesis, the bursa of Fabricius. Thus avian B-
cell development can be classified into prebursal, bursal, and postbursal stages. During …

This review outlines what we know about cytokines and their evolution within vertebrates. It
is focused on the interleukins, as key cytokines involved in the regulation of adaptive …

B lymphocyte stimulating factor (BLyS) belongs to the tumor necrosis family (TNF), which is a
key cytokine in promoting the survival, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of B cells …

Backyard poultry flocks that employ heritage breeds of chicken play a crucial role in the
maintenance of poultry pathogens of economic and zoonotic importance. This study …

Immunology of ducks, geese, turkeys, and quail has progressed due to the agricultural
importance of these birds and the need for effective vaccines. Recent availability of avian …

Abstract Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) can cause various clinical diseases in pigs,
resulting in huge losses for the pig farms all over the world. In order to develop a new …

B cell activating factor (BAFF) is recognized as a member of the TNF superfamily proteins
that mediate the immune responses. In this study, BAFF from rockfish (Sebastes …

B-cell activating factor (BAFF), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family, is
known to play a notable role in the survival and differentiation of B cells. In this study, we …