While exam-style questions are a fundamental educational tool serving a variety of
purposes, manual construction of questions is a complex process that requires training …

Automatic multiple choice question (MCQ) generation from a text is a popular research area.
MCQs are widely accepted for large-scale assessment in various domains and applications …

We describe a method for rapidly creating language proficiency assessments, and provide
experimental evidence that such tests can be valid, reliable, and secure. Our approach is the …

Question Difficulty Estimation from Text (QDET) is the application of Natural Language
Processing techniques to the estimation of a value, either numerical or categorical, which …

Designing and constructing pedagogical tests that contain items (ie questions) which
measure various types of skills for different levels of students equitably is a challenging task …

In the ITS (Intelligent Tutoring System) services, personalized question recommendation is a
critical function in which the key challenge is to predict the difficulty of each question. Given …

Complexity and difficulty are two closely related but distinct concepts. These concepts are
important in the development of intelligent learning systems, eg, for sequencing items …

Students require continuous feedback for effective learning. Multiple choice questions
(MCQs) are extensively used among various assessment methods to provide such …

Pretesting is the most commonly used method for estimating test item difficulty because it
provides highly accurate results that can be applied to assessment development activities …

In this paper we explore to what extent the difficulty of listening items in an English language
proficiency test can be predicted by the textual properties of the prompt. We show that a …