Fuzzy-trace theory posits independent verbatim and gist memory processes, a distinction
that has implications for such applied topics as eyewitness testimony. This distinction …

Accurately retrieving information from memory boosts later retrieval. However, retrieving
memories can also open a window to errors when erroneous information is retrieved or …

Eyewitnesses are often repeatedly interviewed about the same crime, and they might be
exposed to misleading information between these interviews. Taking a memory test before …

Immediately recalling a witnessed event can increase people's susceptibility to later
postevent misinformation. But this retrieval-enhanced suggestibility (RES) effect has been …

Eyewitnesses typically recount their experiences many times before trial. Such repeated
retrieval can enhance memory retention of the witnessed event. However, recent studies …

In an emerging area of memory research, it is becoming apparent that one particular type of
false memory, called spontaneous false memory, follows a developmental trajectory that is …

Recalling details from an experienced event can sometimes exacerbate eyewitnesses'
susceptibility to subsequent misinformation. This finding, known as retrieval-enhanced …

Taking an intervening test between learning episodes can enhance later source
recollection. Paradoxically, testing can also increase people's susceptibility to the …

Initial retrieval of an event can reduce people's susceptibility to misinformation. We explored
whether protective effects of initial testing could be obtained on final free recall and source …

22 Suggestibility in Legal Contexts until the 1970s, when a series of studies by Elizabeth
Loftus and colleagues on the 'misinformation effect'confirmed their suspicions and ushered …