DNA double strand breaks need to be repaired in an organized fashion to preserve genomic
integrity. In the organization of faithful repair, histone ubiquitination plays a crucial role …

Cellular DNA is constantly being damaged by numerous internal and external mutagenic
factors. Probably the most severe type of insults DNA could suffer are the double-strand …

DNA–protein crosslinks (DPCs) are large cytotoxic DNA lesions that form following exposure
to chemotherapeutic drugs and environmental chemicals. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) …

Deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) maintain relative homeostasis of the cellular ubiquitome
by removing the post‐translational modification ubiquitin moiety from substrates. Numerous …

The concept of innate immunity has been expanded to recognize environmental pathogens
other than microbial components. However, whether and how the innate immunity is initiated …

Chromatin connects DNA damage response factors to sites of damaged DNA to promote the
signaling and repair of DNA lesions. The histone H2A variants H2AX, H2AZ, and macroH2A …

Histone ubiquitination is a critical epigenetic mechanism regulating DNA-driven processes
such as gene transcription and DNA damage repair. Importantly, the cellular machinery …

In mammals,∼ 100 deubiquitinases act on∼ 20,000 intracellular ubiquitination sites.
Deubiquitinases are commonly regarded as constitutively active, with limited regulatory and …

Mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (mROS) are produced at a variety of sites and
affect the function of bio-molecules. The anti-oxidant system from both mitochondria and …

Eukaryotic cells are constantly exposed to both endogenous and exogenous stressors that
promote the induction of DNA damage. Of this damage, double strand breaks (DSBs) are the …