Diabetic retinopathy (DR), with increasing incidence, is the major cause of vision loss and
blindness worldwide in working-age adults. Diabetic macular edema (DME) remains the …

Macular edema consists of intra-or subretinal fluid accumulation in the macular region. It
occurs during the course of numerous retinal disorders and can cause severe impairment of …

Elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for neurodegeneration in
glaucoma. Glial cells, which play an important role in normal functioning of retinal neurons …

Astrocytes are the most numerous type of neuroglia in the brain and have a predominant
influence on the cerebrovascular system; they control perivascular homeostasis, the integrity …

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a common complication of diabetic retinopathy and is the
leading cause of vision loss in diabetic patients. Various factors, such as metabolic disorders …

Dystrophin Dp71 is expressed in all tissues, with the exception of skeletal muscle, and is the
main Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) gene product in brain. As full-length dystrophin …

Aims Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is one subtype of dementia that may
improve following drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This prospective observational …

Microvascular destabilization is the primary cause of the inner blood-retinal barrier (iBRB)
breakdown and increased vascular leakage in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Microvascular …

Dystrophin is the causative gene for Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD/BMD),
and it produces full-length and short dystrophin, Dp427 and Dp71, respectively, in the brain …

Two decades of molecular, cellular, and functional studies considerably increased our
understanding of dystrophins function and unveiled the complex etiology of the cognitive …