The mechanisms underlying innate immune memory have been extensively explored in the
last decades but are in fact largely unknown. Although the specificity of adaptive immune …

The principle of trained immunity represents innate immune memory due to sustained,
mainly epigenetic, changes triggered by endogenous or exogenous stimuli in bone marrow …

Trained immunity enhances the responsiveness of immune cells to subsequent infections or
vaccinations. Here we demonstrate that pre-vaccination with bacteria-derived outer …

Trained immunity describes the capacity of innate immune cells to develop heterologous
memory in response to certain exogenous exposures. This phenomenon mediates, at least …

The innate immune system exhibits features of memory, termed trained immunity, which
promote faster and more robust responsiveness to heterologous challenges. Innate immune …

Maternal overnutrition increases inflammatory and metabolic disease risk in postnatal
offspring. This constitutes a major public health concern due to increasing prevalence of …

Immunological memory is classically attributed to adaptive immune responses, but recent
studies have shown that challenged innate immune cells can display long-term functional …

Secondary infection in patients with sepsis triggers a new wave of inflammatory response,
which aggravates organ injury and increases mortality. Trained immunity boosts a potent …

The concept of immunological memory was demonstrated in antiquity when protection
against re-exposure to pathogens was observed during the plague of Athens …

Trained immunity defines long-term memory of innate immunity based on transcriptional,
epigenetic, and metabolic modifications of myeloid cells, which are characterized by …