Dendritic cells (DC s) are a diverse subset of innate immune cells that are key regulators of
the host response to human immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) infection. HIV‐1 directly and …

Cytokines play a central role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including HIV infection.
However, the role of the cytokine network in early HIV infection is only now starting to be …

The gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa is central to HIV pathogenesis, and the integrin α4β7
promotes the homing of immune cells to this site, including those that serve as viral targets …

The earliest defense against microbial infection is represented by the responses of the
innate (or natural) immune system, that also profoundly regulates the adaptive (or acquired) …

Using tetanus toxoid (TT) and influenza (Flu) immunization of rhesus macaques as a model,
the effect of IL-2 and IL-15 on the generation and maintenance of antigen specific memory T …

Viruses that infect eukaryotic organisms have the unique characteristic of self-assembling
into particles. The mammalian immune system is highly attuned to recognizing and attacking …

We have previously shown that interleukin-21, a pleiotropic C γ-chain signaling cytokine,
induces the expression of the cytotoxic molecules granzyme B (GrB) and perforin in vitro in …

Objective: Myeloid dendritic cell (mDC) dysfunction during HIV infection may hinder the
formation of both innate and adaptive immune responses and contribute to pathogenesis …

Cytokines are major controller of HIV replication and represent, at the same time, a target for
viral-induced immune dysregulation. This mutual relationship has profound implications for …

NK cells have been established as an important effector of innate immunity in a variety of
viral infections. In HIV-1 infection in humans, alterations of NK cell function, frequency, and …