As indispensable infrastructure for supplying industrial and residential water, structural
failure to water diversion projects will result in unmeasurable loss. Safety inspection is …

This textbook provides a comprehensive overview of gravity integration and inversion, which
contributes to physical geodesy and geophysics, and it identifies classical and modern …

Different modification methods and software programs were developed to obtain accurate
local geoid models in the past two decades. The quantitative effect of the main factors on the …

Indonesia released a new regional geoid model in 2020—the Indonesian Geoid 2020
(INAGEOID2020). It covers the Indonesian region with a spatial resolution of 0.01× 0.01 …

In geodesy, the geoid and the quasigeoid are used as a reference surface for heights.
Despite some similarities between these two concepts, the differences between the geoid …

The distribution of masses within topography is extremely important for the evaluation of a
rigorous geoid model. Most present day models of topographical density are either …

Optimizing the combined horizontal and vertical accuracy of the well-known Global Digital
Elevation Models (GDEMs) of various resolutions for each country and region especially in …

Some of the key components of any Planetary Spatial Data Infrastructure (PDSI) are the data
products that end-users wish to discover, access, and interrogate. One precursor to the …

ABSTRACT The Australian Height Datum (AHD) celebrates its Golden Jubilee (50th
birthday) this year. This stalwart of Australian surveying remains our nation's first and only …

The geoid, but not the quasigeoid, is an equipotential surface in the Earth's gravity field that
can serve both as a geodetic datum and a reference surface in geophysics. It is also a …