Production of metals stands for 40% of all industrial greenhouse gas emissions, 10% of the
global energy consumption, 3.2 billion tonnes of minerals mined, and several billion tonnes …

Fully decarbonizing global industry is essential to achieving climate stabilization, and
reaching net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050–2070 is necessary to limit global …

The steel industry is considered the most important basic industry and is crucial role for
strengthening the national economy; however, its high energy intensity and carbon …

Greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction in China's iron and steel industry (CISI), which is
responsible for more than 50% of global steel production, is essential for China's efforts to …

Climate policy objectives require zero emissions across all sectors including steelmaking.
The fundamental process changes needed for reaching this target are yet relatively …

The production of commodities by energy-intensive industry is responsible for 1/3 of annual
global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The climate goal of the Paris Agreement, to hold …

Steel production is a carbon and energy intensive activity, releasing 1.9 tons of CO 2 and
requiring 5.17 MWh of primary energy per ton produced, on average, globally, resulting in …

In this paper we present the first systematic review of Power to X processes applied to the
iron and steel industry. These processes convert renewable electricity into valuable …

High electricity cost is the biggest challenge faced by the steel industry in transitioning to
hydrogen based steelmaking. A steel plant in Norway could have access to cheap, emission …

Abstract As the European Union intensifies its response to the climate emergency, increased
focus has been placed on the hard-to-abate energy-intensive industries. Primary among …