Background: Exoscopes are a safe and effective alternative or adjunct to the existing
binocular surgical microscope for brain tumor, skull base surgery, aneurysm clipping and …

The development of the three-dimensional (3D) exoscope is a marvel of technological
innovation in modern surgical practice. While its predecessor, the operating microscope …

Background The use of a digital three-dimensional (3D) exoscope system in neurosurgery is
increasing as an alternative to the operative microscope. The objective of this study was to …

Background The growing interest in exoscopic (EX) technology has prompted a
comprehensive evaluation of its clinical, functional, and financial outcomes in neurosurgery …

Simple Summary Brain tumors are difficult to treat, and surgeons need the best tools to
safely remove them. This review looks at the various technologies that help surgeons see …

Background An exoscope heralds a new era of optics in surgery. However, there is limited
quantitative evidence describing and comparing the learning curve. Objectives This study …

BACKGROUND: Measuring intraoperative forces in real time can provide feedback
mechanisms to improve patient safety and surgical training. Previous force monitoring has …

Purpose To analyze the advantages and disadvantages of a three‐dimensional (3D)
operating exoscope (OE) in head and neck free flap reconstruction. Methods Twenty‐seven …

Continuing problems with fewer training opportunities and a greater awareness of patient
safety have led to a constant search for an alternative technique to bridge the existing theory …

The purpose of this study was to compare the three-dimensional (3D) operating exoscope
(OE) with the conventional operating microscope (OM) in head and neck reconstruction. A …