Bile salts and bacteria have intricate relationships. The composition of the intestinal pool of
bile salts is shaped by bacterial metabolism. In turn, bile salts play a role in intestinal …

Commensal and pathogenic microorganisms must resist the deleterious actions of bile in
order to survive in the human gastrointestinal tract. Herein we review the current knowledge …

Vibrios are among the most common bacteria that inhabit surface waters throughout the
world and are responsible for a number of severe infections both in humans and animals …

The facultative human pathogen Vibrio cholerae can be isolated from estuarine and aquatic
environments. V. cholerae is well recognized and extensively studied as the causative agent …

Vibrio cholerae can switch between motile and biofilm lifestyles. The last decades have
been marked by a remarkable increase in our knowledge of the structure, regulation, and …

Enteric bacteria are resistant to the bactericidal effects of intestinal bile, but these resistance
mechanisms are not completely understood. It is becoming increasingly apparent that …

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are an emerging research field due to their multifactorial
composition and involvement in interspecies and intraspecies communication. Recent …

To cause the diarrheal disease cholera, Vibrio cholerae must effectively colonize the small
intestine. In order to do so, the bacterium needs to successfully travel through the stomach …

Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial pathogen causing severe food‐borne infections in
humans and animals. It can sense and adapt to a variety of harsh microenvironments …

Cholera, a severe disease caused by Vibrio cholerae bacteria, has had a central role in the
history of infectious disease research. The cholera studies of John Snow and Robert Koch …