The transport of sand and dust by wind is a potent erosional force, creates sand dunes and
ripples, and loads the atmosphere with suspended dust aerosols. This paper presents an …

Abstract The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) investigation of the Mars Science Laboratory
(MSL) addresses the chemical and isotopic composition of the atmosphere and volatiles …

The second ExoMars mission will be launched in 2020 to target an ancient location
interpreted to have strong potential for past habitability and for preserving physical and …

Variable levels of methane in the martian atmosphere have eluded explanation partly
because the measurements are not repeatable in time or location. We report in situ …

We describe the construction and characterization of a genomically recoded organism
(GRO). We replaced all known UAG stop codons in Escherichia coli MG1655 with …

The search for traces of life is one of the principal objectives of Mars exploration. Central to
this objective is the concept of habitability, the set of conditions that allows the appearance …

Reports of plumes or patches of methane in the martian atmosphere that vary over monthly
time scales have defied explanation to date. From in situ measurements made over a 20 …

Living systems produce more than 90% of Earth's atmospheric methane; the balance is of
geochemical origin. On Mars, methane could be a signature of either origin. Using high …

Isotopic studies indicate that natural perchlorate is produced on Earth in arid environments
by the oxidation of chlorine species through pathways involving ozone or its photochemical …

The terahertz portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is perhaps the last largely-unexplored
wavelength frontier for astronomical observations. It is also one of the most diagnostic …