For a long time, apoptosis was considered the sole form of programmed cell death during
development, homeostasis and disease, whereas necrosis was regarded as an unregulated …

The predominant definition of apoptosis considers that the elimination of the apoptosing cell
is by heterolytic degradation following phagocytosis by an assisting scavenger …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which patients develop
autoantibodies to DNA, histones, and often to neutrophil proteins. These form immune …

Objective To assess the effects of the B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS)–specific inhibitor
belimumab on immunologic biomarkers, including B cell and T cell populations, and …

Three major morphologies of cell death have been described: apoptosis (type I), cell death
associated with autophagy (type II) and necrosis (type III). Apoptosis and cell death …

Systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs) are a group of connective tissue diseases with
diverse, yet overlapping, symptoms and autoantibody development. The etiology behind …

Nephritis is one of the most severe complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
One key characteristic of lupus nephritis (LN) is the deposition of immune complexes …

Inflammation is a beneficial host reaction to tissue damage and has the essential primary
purpose of restoring tissue homeostasis. Inflammation plays a major role in containing and …

Lupus is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with a wide range of clinical
presentations resulting from its effect on multiple organ systems. There are four main types …

Necrotic cell death has long been considered an accidental and uncontrolled mode of cell
death. But recently it has become clear that necrosis is a molecularly regulated event that is …