The majority of organisms that inhabit the human body reside in the gut. Since babies are
born with an immature immune system, they depend on a highly synchronized microbial …

Exclusive human milk feeding for the first 6 months of life, with continued breastfeeding for 1
to 2 years of life or longer, is recognized as the normative standard for infant feeding. 1, 2 …

In the critical phase of immunological immaturity of the newborn, particularly for the immune
system of mucous membranes, infants receive large amounts of bioactive components …

Microbes colonize the human body during the first moments of life and coexist with the host
throughout the lifespan. Intestinal microbiota and their metabolites aid in the programming of …

Background: Early-life nutrition may influence later body composition. The effect of
breastfeeding and formula feeding on infant body composition is uncertain. Objective: We …

OBJECTIVE: To determine the immunologic effects of oropharyngeal colostrum
administration in extremely premature infants. METHODS: We conducted a double-blind …

The concept of immunological memory stipulates that past exposures shape present
immune function. These exposures include not only specific antigens impacting adaptive …

Human milk contains a multitude of bioactive proteins with very diverse functions, which are
beneficial for the rapidly growing neonate. The large variety of bioactivities is accomplished …

Children exposed to abuse or neglect show abnormal hippocampal development and
similar findings have been reported in rodent models. Using brief daily separation (BDS), a …

In recent years, we've developed a much better grasp of the biological and other factors
associated with the development of obesity. Reflecting our evolving understanding of …