Abstract Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is a pattern recognition receptor that is predominantly
located intracellularly in immune cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages, natural killer …

Near-infrared light-responsive inorganic nanoparticles have been shown to enhance the
efficacy of cancer photothermal ablation therapy. However, current nanoparticle-mediated …

Nucleic acid recognition by toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) initiates signaling pathways that
regulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines or type I interferons, as well as many …

Interferon α (IFNα) is a prompt and efficient orchestrator of host defense against nucleic
acids but upon chronicity becomes a potent mediator of autoimmunity. Sustained IFNα …

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are currently the most effective in vivo delivery systems for
silencing target genes in hepatocytes employing small interfering RNA. Antigen-presenting …

Purpose: Stimulation of toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9) by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG) has
been shown to counteract the immunosuppressive microenvironment and to inhibit tumor …

It remains unclear how the precise length of one-dimensional nanovehicles influences the
characters of vaccination. Here, a unimolecular nanovehicle with tailored size and aspect …

Tissue resident memory T cells (T RM cells) can provide effective tissue surveillance and
can respond rapidly to infection. Vaccination strategies aimed at generating T RM cells have …

The low gene manipulation efficiency of human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
(HSPC) remains a major hurdle for sustainable and broad clinical application of innovative …

Bacterial DNA containing unmethylated CpG motifs can activate immune cells to release
proinflammatory cytokines. Here, the role of bacterial DNA containing CpG motifs in …