The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function,
regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also …

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder seen,
especially in the elderly. Tremor, shaking, movement problems, and difficulty with balance …

There is increasing evidence showing that the dynamic changes in the gut microbiota can
alter brain physiology and behavior. Cognition was originally thought to be regulated only by …

Cognitive dysfunction is linked to chronic low-grade inflammatory stress that contributes to
cell-mediated immunity in creating an oxidative environment. Food is a vitally important …

Growing evidences show that gut microbiota is associated with the pathogenesis of
Parkinson's disease (PD) and the gut-brain axis can be promising target for the development …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by alpha-synucleinopathy that affects all levels of
the brain-gut axis including the central, autonomic, and enteric nervous systems. Recently, it …

The gut microbiome comprises the collective genome of the trillions of microorganisms
residing in our gastrointestinal ecosystem. The interaction between the host and its gut …

Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common age-associated
neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and …

Neuroinflammatory response is primarily a protective mechanism in the brain. However,
excessive and chronic inflammatory responses can lead to deleterious effects involving …

The number of bacterial cells living within the human body is approximately equal to, or
greater than, the total number of human cells. This dynamic population of microorganisms …