Zinc is a trace element nutrient that is essential for life. This mineral serves as a cofactor for
enzymes that are involved in critical biochemical processes and it plays many structural …

Iron is a vital element in nearly every living organism. During pregnancy, optimal iron
concentration is essential for both maternal health and fetal development. As the barrier …

SLC39A8 is a membrane transporter responsible for manganese uptake into the cell. Via
whole-exome sequencing, we studied a child that presented with cranial asymmetry, severe …

Activation of the transcription factor NF-κB is essential for innate immune function and
requires strict regulation. The micronutrient zinc modulates proper host defense, and zinc …

Zinc, iron, and manganese are essential trace elements that serve as catalytic or structural
components of larger molecules that are indispensable for life. The three metal ions possess …

Placenta has a wide range of functions. Some are supported by novel genes that have
evolved following gene duplication events while others require acquisition of gene …

Iron is an ancient, essential and versatile transition metal found in almost all living
organisms on Earth. This fundamental trace element is used in the synthesis of heme and …

Chronic exposure to cadmium causes preferential accumulation of cadmium in the kidney,
leading to nephrotoxicity. In the process of renal cadmium accumulation, the cadmium …

Zinc, which is involved in the structure of all enzyme classes, is a micro nutrient element and
necessary for growth and development. The ability of zinc to function without causing toxic …

As the interface between the fetal and maternal circulation, the placenta facilitates both
nutrient and waste exchange for the developing fetus. Iron is essential for healthy …