Children's experiences during early childhood are critical for their cognitive and
socioemotional development, two key dimensions of human capital. However, children from …

This article compares early childhood enrichment programs that promote social mobility for
disadvantaged children within and across generations. Instead of conducting a standard …

Using multiple datasets on parental and non-parental care provided to children up to age
six, we quantify differences in American children's care experiences by socioeconomic …

Recent policy proposals call for significant new investments in early care and education
(ECE). These policies are designed to reduce the burden of child care costs, support …

Parents spend considerable time and resources investing in their children's development.
Given evidence that the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) affects maternal labor supply, we …

Abstract Families invest parental time, home goods/services, and market-based child care in
their children. We study these investments, focusing on two issues: the role of parental …

This paper asks whether universal pre-kindergarten (UPK) raises parents' earnings and how
much these earnings effects matter for evaluating the economic returns to UPK programs …

Parents spend considerable sums investing in their children's development, with their own
time among the most important forms of investment. Given well-documented effects of the …

This paper studies the interaction between parental and public inputs in children's skill
formation. We perform a longer-run follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial that …

Objective We examine how state spending on children is associated with the size of
socioeconomic gaps in maternal childcare time. Background Persistent socioeconomic …