The endothelium can evoke relaxations of the underlying vascular smooth muscle, by
releasing vasodilator substances. The best‐characterized endothelium‐derived relaxing …

Enzymatically oxidized lipids are a specific group of biomolecules that function as key
signaling mediators and hormones, regulating various cellular and physiological processes …

Cardiovascular diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in most developed
countries of the world. Pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, and toxins can significantly contribute to …

The EP4 prostanoid receptor is one of four receptor subtypes for prostaglandin E 2. It
belongs to the family of G protein–coupled receptors. It was originally identified, similar to …

The cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme system is the major pathway catalyzing the conversion
of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins (PGs). PGs are lipid mediators implicated in a variety …

Purpose Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most frequently
used drugs, and this widespread use is complicated by safety issues. Method A Literature …

The protease renin is the key enzyme of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade, which
is relevant under both physiological and pathophysiological settings. The kidney is the only …

Placebo-controlled trials of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) selective for COX-
2 have revealed an enhanced risk for cardiovascular events. COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) …

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit the formation of prostanoids by the
enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX). Work in the past 15 years has shown that COX exists in two …

Adverse events during fetal life such as insufficient protein intake or elevated transfer of
glucocorticoid to the fetus may impact cardiovascular and metabolic health later in adult life …