The breakthrough discoveries of leptin and adiponectin more than two decades ago led to a
widespread recognition of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Many more adipose tissue …

The number of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is increasing worldwide. Accumulating
evidence has shown that the tumor microenvironment (TME), including macrophages …

The involvement of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) system in cancer progression has long
been recognized. PGE2 functions as an autocrine and paracrine signaling molecule with …

Obesity-associated complications are causing increasing morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Expansion of adipose tissue in obesity leads to a state of low-grade chronic inflammation …

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by a group of cardiovascular risk factors, including
impaired glucose tolerance, central obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Overactive …

Alternatively activated macrophages (M2) have an important function in innate immune
responses to parasitic helminths, and emerging evidence also indicates these cells are …

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been widely investigated for regenerative
medicine applications, from treating various inflammatory diseases as a cell therapy to …

Nowadays, metabolic syndromes are emerging as global epidemics, whose incidence are
increasing annually. However, the efficacy of therapy does not increase proportionately with …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are regarded as promising candidates for cell
replacement therapies, are able to regulate immune responses after traumatic brain injury …

Prostaglandins are derived from arachidonic acid metabolism through cyclooxygenase
activities. Among prostaglandins (PGs), prostacyclin (PGI 2) and PGE 2 are strongly involved …