Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling
has fundamental roles in both embryonic skeletal development and postnatal bone …

Decades of work have identified the signaling pathways that regulate the differentiation of
chondrocytes during bone formation, from their initial induction from mesenchymal …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into several lineages during development
and also contribute to tissue homeostasis and regeneration, although the requirements for …

Over the last decade the identification of mutations in the receptors for fibroblast growth
factors (FGFs) has defined essential roles for FGF signaling in both endochondral and …

The requirement for new bone to replace or restore the function of traumatised, damaged, or
lost bone is a major clinical and socioeconomic need. Bone formation strategies, although …

Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily members are multifunctional cell‐cell
signaling proteins that play pivotal roles in tissue homeostasis and development of …

Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) to
promote chondrogenic differentiation in vitro. However, the in vivo role of BMP signaling …

Chondrocytes communicate with each other mainly via diffusible signals rather than direct
cell‐to‐cell contact. The chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is …

Cumulative evidence indicates that osteoblasts and adipocytes share a common
mesenchymal precursor and that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) can induce both …

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) is a key regulator of skeletal growth and
activating mutations in Fgfr3 cause achondroplasia, the most common genetic form of …