The advent of large-scale datasets that trace the workings of science has encouraged
researchers from many different disciplinary backgrounds to turn scientific methods into …

Although patent systems have been widely used both historically and internationally, there is
nonetheless a tremendous amount of controversy over whether patent systems, in practice …

Economic theory suggests that market economies are likely to underprovide innovation
because of the public good nature of knowledge. Empirical evidence from the United States …

This article analyzes how patent-induced shocks to labor productivity propagate into worker
compensation using a new linkage of US patent applications to US business and worker tax …

We provide evidence on the value of patents to startups by leveraging the quasi‐random
assignment of applications to examiners with different propensities to grant patents. Using …

We propose a nonparametric test for the exclusion and monotonicity assumptions invoked in
instrumental variable (IV) designs based on the random assignment of cases to judges. We …

Where should better learning technology (such as machine learning or AI) improve
decisions? I develop a model of decision-making in which better learning technology is …

We design two laboratory experiments to analyze the causal effects of competition on step-
by-step innovation. Innovations result from costly R&D investments and move technology up …

There is growing concern that the innovation system's ability to create wealth and attain
social benefit is declining in effectiveness. This article explores the reasons for this decline …

Innovation is central to long-run economic growth. This chapter summarizes the state of the
literature on the economics of innovation, highlighting open policy questions. We first …