The political problems of democratic legitimacy related to the construction of the European
Union have mutated deeply during the crisis. The survival of the Eurozone has exacted a …

The Institutions of the European Union is the key text for anyone wishing to understand the
functions, powers, and composition of the EU's institutions. Written and edited by a team of …

Taking economic co‐ordination in EMU as a starting point, this article explores the
development of the open method of co‐ordination, addressing whether it is a new form of …

The Euro-Zone represents the single most important step in European Integration since
1957 and one of the boldest economic, monetary, and political projects in modern history. In …

The institutional design of the European Central Bank (ECB) has been the subject of
considerable political debate. In particular, it has been argued that the Bank suffers from …

David Howarth and Peter Loedel provide a theoretically inspired account of the creation,
design and operation of the European Central Bank. Issues explored include the theoretical …

This article analyses the creation of the Stability and Growth Pact. It examines the economic
and political factors behind it, including the role of economic ideas, experts, politicians …

The global economic crisis has sapped support for the euro and lowered trust in the
European Central Bank (ECB). In doing so, it has also exposed a weakness in the 'output …

This paper examines the democratic legitimacy of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)
since the international financial crisis hit the euro area. From its inception, EMU has been …

The introduction of the euro is accompanied by an independent European Central Bank
(ECB) which is solely responsible for monetary policy in the euro zone. No European …