This paper focuses on the complex problem of calcium carbonate scale formation on heated
surfaces and the possibilities of controlling or reducing this problem. The development of …

Scale formation is a serious problem encountered in many industries including oil or gas
production, water transport, power generation and batch precipitation. Normally, studies of …

In the present work, the effect of temperature and solution pH on calcium carbonate
precipitation from iron‐rich waters was investigated. Calcium carbonate was precipitated by …

This work aims at achieving the high-value application of calcium in the meantime of
seawater decalcification. By utilizing synthetic seawater as a calcium source and Na 2 CO …

In reverse osmosis desalination, the concentrate is a saline solution that may become
supersaturated. Heterogeneous nucleation of salts occurs at the membrane surface …

In the present work, calcium carbonate was precipitated at 28° C in the presence of iron ions
using an accelerated scale method based on CO2 repelling from the solution. The …

Calcium carbonate, CaCO3, is one of the most common scale components found in oilfield
production wells and surface facilities. The prediction of kinetics of scale deposit depends on …

The heat resistance will increase dramatically with the adhesion of fouling, resulting in the
decrease of heat exchange efficiency. To study the relationship between calcium carbonate …

The laboratory determination of scale inhibitor (SI) performance under field specific
conditions using dynamic or static scale inhibitor tests provides an important method for …

Calcium carbonate, CaCO 3, presents a big problem in oil and gas industry. Scaling in pipes
leads to decreases in pressure drops and often to complete blockage. On heat exchanger, it …