The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a complex multi-cellular structure consisting of endothelial
cells (ECs), neurons, glia, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and pericytes. Each component is …

For many years Alzheimer's disease (AD) was associated with the dementia stage of the
disease, the tail end of a pathophysiological process that lasts approximately two decades …

The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a conceptual framework that has been proposed to better
explain the relationships between the neural cells and blood vessels in the human brain …

Astrocytes (also, astroglia) consume huge amounts of glucose and produce lactate
regardless of sufficient oxygen availability, indicating a high capacity for aerobic glycolysis …

Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are common bases for disease onset and
progression in many neurodegenerative diseases. In Parkinson disease, which is …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with cognitive decline.
Despite worldwide efforts to find a cure, no proper treatment has been developed yet, and …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the commonest neurodegenerative disease with slow
progression. Pieces of evidence suggest that the GABAergic system is impaired in the early …

Astroglia or astrocytes, the most abundant cells in the brain, are interposed between
neuronal synapses and microvasculature in the brain gray matter. They play a pivotal role in …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by
resting tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability that also includes non-motor …

Glucose is the primary source of energy for the brain; however, it remains controversial
whether, upon neuronal activation, glucose is primarily used by neurons for ATP production …