Although the presence of neuromodulators in mammalian sensory systems has been noted
for some time, a groundswell of evidence has now begun to document the scope of these …

The voice is a rich source of information, which the human brain has evolved to decode and
interpret. Empirical observations have shown that the human auditory system is especially …

The axon initial segment (AIS) serves as the site of action potential initiation in most
neurons, but difficulties in isolating the effects of voltage-gated ion channels in the AIS from …

The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) is one of the first stations within the central auditory
pathway where the basic computations underlying sound localization are initiated and …

The serotonergic system has been widely studied across animal taxa and different functional
networks. This modulatory system is therefore well positioned to compare the consequences …

In addition to ascending, descending, and lateral auditory projections, inputs extrinsic to the
auditory system also influence neural processing in the inferior colliculus (IC). These types …

It has been recognized for some time that serotonin fibers originating in raphe nuclei are
present in the inferior colliculi of all mammalian species studied. More recently, serotonin …

Available evidence suggests that sodium salicylate (SS) may produce tinnitus through
altering the balance between inhibition and excitation in the central auditory system. Since …

For social animals that communicate acoustically, hearing loss and social isolation are
factors that independently influence social behavior. In human subjects, hearing loss may …

Context-dependent plasticity in auditory processing is achieved in part by physiological
mechanisms that link behavioral state to neural responses to sound. The neuromodulator …