The reliable operation of modern power systems faces numerous challenges, including wide-
area disturbances, protection system misoperation, complex interconnected configurations …

The fast growth of the world's energy demand in the modernized world has stirred many
countries around the globe to focus on power generation by abundantly available …

For the stable operation of the smart grid, the development of a faster, reliable, and secure
protective relay algorithm is essential. From the past blackout reports, it is revealed that …

Distance relay zone 3 misoperation has been responsible for major blackouts around the
world. Zone 3 misoperation generally occurs under system wide cascading events such as …

Zone-3 of distance relays might maloperate during stresses frequently encountered in power
systems, such as power swing, load encroachment, and voltage instability. This paper …

Prediction of the transient stability in real‐time can be a boon in preventing the occurrence of
catastrophic events in a particular area that could potentially affect the entire grid and cause …

One of the main factors in triggering cascading outages is the undesired operation of zone-3
vulnerable distance relays under static load encroachment. In this paper, to avoid the …

Undesirable operation of a distant relay at the occurrence of stressed conditions is a reason
for blackouts. There are a few computational intelligent methods available in the literature for …

Third zone of a distance relay is sensitive to system stressed conditions, such as stable and
unstable power swing, voltage instability and load encroachment. Mal-operation of a …

Mal-operation of zone-3 of distance relays has been one of the main causes of widespread
disturbances and blackouts in power systems throughout the world. Under some non-faulty …