Learned helplessness, the failure to escape shock induced by uncontrollable aversive
events, was discovered half a century ago. Seligman and Maier (1967) theorized that …

It has been known for many years that the ability to exert behavioral control over an adverse
event blunts the behavioral and neurochemical impact of the event. More recently, it has …

Exposure to chronic stress induces various physical and mental effects that may ultimately
lead to disease. Stress‐related disease has become a global health problem. Mastication …

Dogs admitted to animal shelters exhibit behavioral and physiological signs of stress.
Among these is activation of the body's primary stress-responsive system, the hypothalamic …

The question of how the brain links behavioral and biological features of defensive
responses has remained elusive. The importance of this problem is underscored by the …

Previous to the 1980's, the prevailing neuroscience dogma held that no new neurons were
produced in the brains of adult mammals. Now, we understand that the production of new …

Adverse life events can lead to stable changes in brain structure and function and are
considered primary sources of risk for post‐traumatic stress disorder, depression and other …

Background Mental health issues have continued to rise globally, including among
university students. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the previously existing and …

“Learned helplessness” refers to debilitating outcomes, such as passivity and increased
fear, that follow an uncontrollable adverse event, but do not when that event is controllable …

The anterior lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (alBST) expresses glucagon-like
peptide-1 receptors (GLP1Rs) and receives input from caudal brainstem GLP1 neurons …