In vertebrate cells, the DNA damage response is controlled by three related kinases: ATM,
ATR, and DNA-PK. It has been 20 years since the cloning of ATR, the last of the three to be …

One way to preserve a rare book is to lock it away from all potential sources of damage. Of
course, an inaccessible book is also of little use, and the paper and ink will continue to …

Preservation of genome integrity is an essential process for cell homeostasis. During the
course of life of a single cell, the genome is constantly damaged by endogenous and …

Preservation of genome integrity via the DNA-damage response is critical to prevent
disease. ATR (ataxia telangiectasia mutated-and Rad3-related) is essential for life and …

BRCA1/2 proteins function in homologous recombination (HR)-mediated DNA repair and
cooperate with Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins to maintain genomic integrity through …

The integrity of the genome is constantly challenged by intrinsic and extrinsic genotoxic
stresses that damage DNA. The cellular responses to DNA damage are orchestrated by …

In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that prokaryotes and
eukaryotes are armed with sophisticated mechanisms to restart stalled or collapsed …

To maintain genome stability, cells have evolved various DNA repair pathways to deal with
oxidative DNA damage. DNA damage response (DDR) pathways, including ATM-Chk2 and …

Mutations in CDCA7, the SNF2 family protein HELLS (LSH), or the DNA methyltransferase
DNMT3b cause immunodeficiency–centromeric instability–facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome …

The ATM-and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase is a master regulator of the DNA damage
response, yet how ATR is activated toward different substrates is still poorly understood …