Soft crawling robots have attracted great attention due to their anticipated effective
interactions with humans and uncertain environments, as well as their potential capabilities …

Compared with traditional rigid robots, soft robots have high flexibility, low stiffness, and
adaptability to unstructured environments, and as such have great application potential in …

In recent years, there has been extensive utilization of actuators driven by artificial muscles
in wearable devices. However, the muscle distribution configurations of most wearable …

Various actuators (eg, pneumatics, cables, dielectric elastomers, etc.) have been utilized to
actuate soft robots. Besides widely used actuators, a relatively new artificial muscle—twisted …

In recent years, the field of soft robotics has gained much attention by virtue of its aptness to
work in certain environments unsuitable for traditional rigid robotics. Along with the uprising …

Over the last decade, many bio-inspired crawling robots have been proposed by adopting
the principle of two-anchor crawling or anisotropic friction-based vibrational crawling …

Electroactive polymer (EAP) is a polymer that reacts to electrical stimuli, such as voltage,
and can be divided into electronic and ionic EAP by an electrical energy transfer mechanism …

Twisted and coiled actuators (TCAs) have recently emerged as a promising artificial muscle
for various robotic applications because they are strong, low cost, and customizable. To …

Rather than using longitudinal “muscle” as in biological inchworm, the existing magnetic
active elastomer (MAE)-based inchworm robots utilize magnetic torque to pull and push the …

Soft twisted and coiled actuators (STCAs) have promising prospects for application in the
field of soft-bodied robots. However, the STCA has a complex energy conversion …